High Innovativeness of SMEs and the Configuration of Learning-by-Doing, Learning-by-Using, Learning-by-Interacting, and Learning-by-Science: a Regional Comparison Applying Fuzzy Qualitative Comparative Analysis

Abstract This paper proposes a holistic approach for investigating high innovation performance in SMEs by comparing different German regions. Invoking insights from the mode concept and existing literature on regional innovation, we apply qualitative comparative analysis (QCA) of 47 interviews with to show that innovativeness is based bundle conditions summarized as mechanisms learning-by-doing, learning-by-using, learning-by-interacting, learning-by-science. The results indicate only parts DUI mode, combination STI can explain innovativeness. has implications managers well policy, highlighting there no universal “best way” become highly innovative.